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排序方式: 共有1023条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Effect of fertilizers on Cd accumulation and subcellular distribution of two cosmos species (Cosmos sulphureus and Cosmos bipinnata) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Addition of fertilizer amendments is regarded as an ideal approach to enhancing phytoextraction. However, there is little information available on the influence of common fertilizers on Cd accumulation of two newly reported Cd accumulators, Cosmos sulphureus and Cosmos bipinnata (C. sulphureus and C. bipinnata). The effects of N (CO(NH2)2), NP (CO(NH2)2 + Ca(H2PO4)2), and NPK (CO(NH2)2 + Ca(H2PO4)2 + KCl) fertilizers on Cd accumulation and subcellular distribution of C. sulphureus and C. bipinnata were studied in a 70-d pot experiment. The results showed that Cd uptake of C. sulphureus and C. bipinnata with NPK fertilizer was significantly higher than control, N, and NP fertilizers, especially 3.8- and 4.7-fold higher than control (p < 0.05). Compared with C. bipinnata, C. sulphureus achieved higher biomass and Cd uptake in aboveground parts under fertilizer treatments, especially NPK fertilizer. The Cd subcellular distribution revealed that segregation of Cd to Cd-rich granules (MRG) might play an important role in Cd detoxification in both species. C. sulphureus is more likely than C. bipinnata to separate the Cd in MRG and reduce the partition in the heat-denatured protein fraction, especially with NPK fertilizer. Therefore, C. sulphureus combined with NPK fertilizers could be an effective method to remediate Cd-polluted farmland soils in China. 相似文献
2.
Summary The rhizosphere microflora of arecanut palm under continuous application of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers was
studied. The nutrients applied are 100 g N, 40 g P2O5 and 140 g K2O/palm/year in the form of organics and inorganics. The application of organic manure increased the microbial population.
The increase in microbial population was observed between the rhizosphere samples collected at 0–30cm and 30–60 cm depths.
The surface cultivation of soil increased the microbial population.Trichoderma sp. andAspergillus sp. dominated in therhizosphere of arecanut palm.
Contribution No. 208. Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Vittal-574243, Karnataka, India. 相似文献
3.
Summary The influence of total nitrification to nitrate or partial nitrification to nitrite on the soil organic nitrogen status was examined. NH
4
+
–15N was added to the soil in the absence and the presence of NaClO3, respectively nitrapyrin. The first chemical inhibits only nitrate formation, the second inhibits total nitrification. The accumulation of nitrite nitrogen in the soil at levels up to 5 mg kg–1 increased the loss of nitrogen. Yet, it did not increase the binding of mineral nitrogen into soil organic matter, relative to the control soil. The data suggest that the biochemistry of the nitrite formation process, rather than the levels of nitrite ions formed, are of primary importance in the role of nitrification mediated nitrosation of soil organic matter. 相似文献
4.
A M O'Brien C O'Fágáin P F Nielsen K G Welinder 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2001,76(4):277-284
The bifunctional compound, ethylene-glycol bis(N-hydroxysuccinimidylsuccinate) (EGNHS), stabilizes horseradish peroxidase C (HRP) by reaction with the enzyme's lysine residues. In this study we compare native and modified HRP by proteolytic fragmentation, peptide sequencing, and mass spectroscopy, and identify the sites of modification. Most significantly, EGNHS is shown to form a crosslink between Lys232 and Lys241 of HRP and modifies Lys174 without formation of a crosslink. These findings are in agreement with the lysine side-chain reactivities predicted from the surface accessibility of the amino groups, and the maximal span of 16 A of the EGNHS crosslinker. 相似文献
5.
A field experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur, Dhaka during the late wet season. Basal
application of P at both 5 and 10 kg ha−1 significantly increased total biomass production and nitrogen fixation byAzolla pinnata R. Brown (local strain). Addition of both 5 and 10 kg P ha−1 in equal splits at inoculation and at six day intervals thereafter during growth periods of 12, 24 and 36 days increased
biomass production and nitrogen fixation by Azolla over that attained with the basal application. Biomass and nitrogen fixation
using a split application of 5 kg P ha−1 exceeded that attained with basal application of 10 kg P ha−1 and split application of 10 kg P ha−1 resulted in 0.58, 11.2, and 18.3 t ha−1 more biomass, and 0.47, 18.9, and 18.3 more kg fixed N ha−1 at 12, 24 and 36 days, respectively, than the same amount applied as a basal application. Analyses indicated that the critical
level of dry weight P in Azolla for sustained growth was in the range of 0.15–0.17%. Compared with the control, where no P
was added, and additional 30 and 36 kg N ha−1 were fixed after 24 and 36 days, respectively, when P was provided at 10 kg ha−1 using a split application. A separate field study showed that flooded rice plants received P from incorporated Azolla with
about 28% of the P present in the supplied Azolla being incorporated into the rice plants. 相似文献
6.
Minesoils developed from lignite surface mining in Texas are nutrient-poor and have a high N retention capacity. A major concern of landowners and soil conservationists is the response of Coastal bermudagrass to the application of low rates of ammonium-N fertilizer on these nutrient-poor minesoils. A glasshouse study, using15N-labelled ammonium sulfate fertilizer and lignite minesoil, was conducted to measure Coastal bermudagrass biomass production and fertilizer recovery during establishment in response to clipping at 2, 4, and 8 week intervals. At N rates of 0, 40, and 80 kg N ha–1,increases in N fertilization increased Coastal bermudagrass aboveground biomass 5-fold, but showed only small increases in belowground biomass. Recovery of ammonium-N fertilizer ranged from 54 to 63%. Roots contained approximately the same N content across all fertilizer rates suggesting that young, estabilishing, Coatal bermudagrass roots reserve N until their N requirement is met. As more N is obtained above that which was needed to maintain roots, then additional N taken up by the plant was transported to aboveground plant parts for growth. Frequent clipping intensified N transport to aboveground tissues. Reduced amounts of N were contained in roots after clipping due to reductions in root growth, biomass, and resource demand. Fertilization of Coastal bermudagrass at low N rates with different N fertilizer forms influenced the distribution of N in the plant and affected N recovery by different parts of the plant. 相似文献
7.
A series of eight experiments was conducted using large pots to (1) find the most effective date, site, concentration of K-solution
and K-salt for foliar K-fertilization of maize plants (Zea mays, L.) grown with sufficient K-supply in soil, (2) explain why maize responded to the K-treatment, and (3) examine the influence
of various levels of N and P supplies on the effectiveness of K-fertilizer via the leaves.
A single spraying on sweet maize and field maize on any day between 50% tasselling date to 10 days after tasselling shortened
maturity date, increased grain yield, stover yield, grain-stover ratio, absorption of N, P, K, Ca and Mg, sweetness of young
grain (of sweet maize), and crude protein content of grain. However spraying on the third day after 50% tasselling was most
effective. The second application later than 7 days after the 50% tasselling date suppressed the effects of spraying on the
most effective date. In application of many repetitive sprayings covering the most effective date, a spraying program with
late spraying could reduce grain yield. KNO3, 2.5% KNO3-solution, and applications on all aerial parts were found to be the most effective. Increases in grain yield for spraying
on all aerial parts, spraying on ear leaf only, spraying on all leaves above ear leaf and applying K to soil were 74%, 51%,
41% and 23%, respectively. The foliar K-fertilization affected maize by stimulating chlorophyll synthesis and not by increasing
leaf area. A balance in N and K supplies was determined to be effective for the K-fertilization. 相似文献
8.
Modeling long-term crop response to fertilizer and soil nitrogen 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
A simple nitrogen balance model to calculate long-term changes in soil organic nitrogen, nitrogen uptake by the crop and recovery
of applied nitrogen, is presented. It functions with time intervals of one year or one growing season. In the model a labile
and a stable pool of soil organic nitrogen are distinguished. Transfer coefficients for the various inputs of nitrogen are
established that specify the fractions taken up by the crop, lost from the system, and incorporated in soil organic nitrogen.
It is shown how input data, model parameters and initial pool sizes can be derived and how the model can be used for calculating
long-term changes in total soil organic nitrogen and uptake by the crop. For nitrogen applied annually as fertilizer or organic
material the time course of nitrogen uptake and recovery of applied nitrogen is calculated. To test the sensitivity of the
model, calculations have been performed for different environmental conditions with higher or lower risks for losses. The
model has also been applied to establish fertilizer recommendations for a certain target nitrogen uptake by the crop. Finally,
for agricultural systems where periods of cropping alternate with peroids of green fallow the time course of nitrogen uptake
by the crop is calculated. 相似文献
9.
Metabolism of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide during nitrification and denitrification in soil at different incubation conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract NO production and consumption rates as well as N2 O accumulation rates were measured in a loamy cambisol which was incubated under different conditions (i.e. soil moisture content, addition of nitrogen fertilizer and/or glucose, aerobic or anaerobic gas phase). Inhibition of nitrification with acetylene allowed us to distinguish between nitrification and denitrification as sources of NO and N2 O. Under aerobic conditions untreated soil showed very low release of NO and N2 O but high consumption of NO. Fertilization with NH4 + or urea stimulated both NO and N2 O production by nitrification. Addition of glucose at high soil moisture contents led to increased N2 and N2 O production by denitrification, but not to increased NO production rates. Anaerobic conditions, however, stimulated both NO and N2 O production by denitrification. The production of NO and N2 O was further stimulated at low moisture contents and after addition of glucose or NO3 − . Anaerobic consumption of NO by denitrification followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and was stimulated by addition of glucose and NO3 − . Aerobic consumption of NO followed first-order kinetics up to mixing ratios of at least 14 ppmv NO, was inhibited by autoclaving but not by acetylene, and decreased with increasing soil moisture content. The high NO-consumption activity and the effects of soil moisture on the apparent rates of anaerobic and aerobic production and consumption of NO suggest that diffusional constraints have an important influence on the release of NO, and may be a reason for the different behaviour of NO release vs N2 O release. 相似文献
10.
Grasses grown in mixture with nodulated legumes often are N-limited, but N fertilization may result in reductions of N2 fixation and legume stands. We studied N-fertilizer effects on N2 fixation for three binary legume-grass mixtures in Uruguay. Replicated swards of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) (WC), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) (RC), or birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) (BT), each in combination with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) (TF) at two legume proportions were sown in 1983 (Exp. 1) and 1984 (Exp. 2). In the fall of 1984, N treatments at
100 kg ha−1 and controls were randomly assigned to subplots in Exp. 1 (established swards) and in Exp. 2 (at seeding). The soil for both
experiments was a fine, montmorillonitic, mesic, Typic Argiudolls. Herbage fixed-N was estimated by 15N isotope-dilution with pure stands of TF as reference. In both experiments, N fertilization reduced the proportion of legume
N derived from air (% Ndfa) and increased herbage yield only during the first 18 to 20 weeks after application. Fertilizer-N
reduced annual fixed-N yield from 178 to 148 kg ha−1 in Exp. 1 and from 65 to 29 kg ha−1 in Exp. 2 Fixed-N yield for BT was markedly reduced by N in both experiments (33 to 53%), whereas for the clovers reduction
was lesser in Exp. 1 (9 to 13%) than in Exp. 2 (46 to 64%). Negative effects of N on % Ndfa were more evident for the high
legume proportion. We conclude that fertilization with 100 kg N ha−1 reduced % Ndfa only for the immediate 18 to 20 weeks after application. Fertilizer-induced reduction of fixed-N yields lasted
longer because of a more prolonged depression of legume proportion, especially for BT and for newly seeded swards.
Journal Paper no. J.-13327 of the Iowa Agric. and Home Econ. Exp. Stn., Ames, U.S.A. (Project 2281). Supported in part by
the Facultad de Agronomía, Montevideo, Uruguay; and the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (Project URU/5/012).
Journal Paper no. J.-13327 of the Iowa Agric. and Home Econ. Exp. Stn., Ames, U.S.A. (Project 2281). Supported in part by
the Facultad de Agronomía, Montevideo, Uruguay; and the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (Project URU/5/012). 相似文献